Spotty but fragile weak layers below the recent snow are delaying the healing process on some shady aspects. Anticipate inconsistent feedback and surprises as you move through terrain. You might find trouble in your go-to favorites, such as mid-slope terrain features or wind-sheltered glades.
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Above 6500 ft.
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5000-6500 ft.
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3500-5000 ft.
1 to 2 feet of recent and wind drifted snow has formed soft slabs across mid and upper elevation terrain. These slabs have been most reactive where they developed over fragile layers of surface hoar. On Tuesday, observers reported shooting cracks, collapses, propagating test results, and avalanche activity in terrain harboring buried surface hoar (Example A, Example B). You are most likely to find these instabilities continuing in wind-protected terrain and sun-protected terrain: northerly and easterly aspects. You might not encounter the weak layer until you're halfway down your run, or after you've moved to a different basin. As slabs continue to settle and stiffen, they can propagate wider than expected or be triggered from below steep slopes.
The Sunday through Monday night storm dumped 2” of SWE in the Swan (up to 2 feet of snow), and about .6” to 1.5” of SWE in the Whitefish, Flathead, and Glacier Park (about a foot of snow, give or take). The storm snow is now settling. Under business-as-usual conditions, settling storm snow heals instabilities and opens the door for steeper terrain. BUT, we aren’t in business-as-usual conditions. That’s because there are persistent weak layers that formed before the storm, during our clear, dry weather. While instabilities aren’t widespread, they can be tricky to spot.
Here’s why: On some slopes, small grained near surface facets and larger feathers of surface hoar survived the sun from last week and the strong winds on Saturday. Today, you are most likely to trigger an avalanche in steep terrain where slabs of recent and wind drifted snow overlap with one of these weak layers, especially surface hoar, because it is the more fragile of the two. We have limited field observations describing the distribution of the surviving weak layers, and those layers that survived are now disguised below fresh powder. The Whitefish and Swan Ranges appear to be hosting more surface hoar right now because more of their terrain was spared from Saturday's winds. The weak layers should be most common in wind-protected terrain and on shadier aspects that face north or east. In some cases, this is well below what we identify as typical start zones near ridgetop.
Slabs over these weak layers are still in their infancy: soft, shallow, and in areas that missed the brunt of snow, few and far between. In much of the Flathead Range and Park, they appear to have formed mostly just in wind drifted terrain. In areas that picked up more snow like the Swan Range, slabs are more widespread and thicker, and more challenging to manage right now. The Whitefish Range, especially the northern part of the range, falls somewhere between the two.
Numerous natural and triggered sluffs have also run in each of the past few days (observation). The size and sensitivity of sluffs is expected to decrease today as the snow settles and snow surfaces remain relatively cool. If we see prolonged sunshine or rain on snow at low elevations, watch for small sluffs around very steep terrain features. These can be trouble if they push you into trees, over rock bands, or drag you down gullies.
A ridge is developing over the Mountain West, bringing a warming trend through the rest of the work week. An embedded shortwave today will bring a few flurries and mostly cloudy skies, with temperatures rising a few degrees warmer than yesterday. Winds around the forecast area are generally light this morning, except for near the Continental Divide, where wind speeds are gusting into the 30's.
| Wednesday | Wednesday Night | Thursday | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud Cover: | Mostly Cloudy | Mostly Cloudy | Mostly Cloudy |
| Temperatures: | 24 to 31 deg. F. | 19 to 21 deg. F. | 27 to 34 deg. F. |
| Wind Direction: | Southwest | West | Southwest |
| Wind Speed: | 5 to 10, G 20 | 5 to 10, G 20 | 5 to 10, G 20 |
| Snowfall: | 0" to 2" in. | 0 to 1" in. | 0" in. |
| Snow Line: | 3000' | 3000' | 3000' |
This forecast applies only to backcountry areas outside established ski area boundaries. The forecast describes general avalanche conditions and local variations always occur. This forecast expires at midnight on the posted day unless otherwise noted. The information in this forecast is provided by the USDA Forest Service who is solely responsible for its content.
